R Operators

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Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Example

10 + 5

R divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Miscellaneous operators

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R Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

Operator	Name	Example	Try it
+	Addition	x + y	Try it »
–	Subtraction	x – y	Try it »
*	Multiplication	x * y	Try it »
/	Division	x / y	Try it »
^	Exponent	x ^ y	Try it »
%%	Modulus (Remainder from division)	x %% y	Try it »
%/%	Integer Division	x%/%y	Try it »

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R Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

Example

my_var <- 3
my_var <<- 3
3 -> my_var
3 ->> my_var
my_var # print my_var

It is also possible to turn the direction of the assignment operator.

x <- 3 is equal to 3 -> x

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R Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

Operator	Name	Example	Try it
==	Equal	x == y	Try it »
!=	Not equal	x != y	Try it »
>	Greater than	x > y	Try it »
<	Less than	x < y	Try it »
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y	Try it »
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y	Try it »

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R Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

Operator	Description
&	Element-wise Logical AND operator. It returns TRUE if both elements are TRUE
&&	Logical AND operator – Returns TRUE if both statements are TRUE
|	Elementwise- Logical OR operator. It returns TRUE if one of the statement is TRUE
||	Logical OR operator. It returns TRUE if one of the statement is TRUE.
!	Logical NOT – returns FALSE if statement is TRUE

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R Miscellaneous Operators

Miscellaneous operators are used to manipulate data:

Operator	Description	Example
:	Creates a series of numbers in a sequence	x <- 1:10
%in%	Find out if an element belongs to a vector	x %in% y
%*%	Matrix Multiplication	x <- Matrix1 %*% Matrix2